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Research & Reading

The Research Behind Our Work

Intimate healing deserves the same care and rigor as any other kind of health work. Here is the science we build on, shared honestly, including what the evidence does and doesn't yet show.

Why research matters to us

Because you deserve to know that your care is grounded in something real.

The approaches we use aren't improvised. They rest on decades of research into how humans connect, regulate, and recover. We share this library so you can see the foundation for yourself, and because we believe in being honest about the difference between what is well established and what is still being studied. That honesty is part of how we earn your trust.

Foundations

The foundations of our work

Five bodies of research, working together.

The healing relationship

A safe, attuned relationship is one of the most reliable ingredients in healing across every form of therapy studied. It is the heart of everything we do.

Flückiger et al., 2018 · Bordin, 1979

Attachment & connection

We are wired for connection from birth, and the patterns we form early in life can gently change through new, secure experiences.

Bowlby, 1969 · Ainsworth, 1978 · Mikulincer & Shaver, 2016

Trauma-informed care

We follow recognized principles, safety, trust, collaboration, and choice, and a phased, safety-first approach to healing that never moves faster than you're ready for.

SAMHSA, 2014 · Herman, 1992

The body in healing

Learning to feel safe in your own body is a real, trainable capacity. We approach touch slowly, consensually, and with clear ethical boundaries.

Craig, 2002 · Maltz, 2012 · Zur

Sexual health & consent

We ground our work in respected definitions of sexual health and in current research on consent as continuous, affirmative, and always revocable.

WHO, 2006 · WAS, 2014 · Muehlenhard et al., 2016

How intimacy forms

Closeness isn't a fixed trait, it's a learnable process of sharing, responding, and feeling truly understood.

Reis & Shaver, 1988 · Laurenceau et al., 1998
Standards

Professional organizations we look to

The bodies whose standards and definitions guide our practice.

IPSA — International Professional Surrogates Association: professional standards and ethics for surrogate partner therapy.
AASECT — American Association of Sexuality Educators, Counselors and Therapists.
WAS — World Association for Sexual Health: the global sexual-rights framework.
WHO — World Health Organization: definitions of sexual health.
SAMHSA — the trauma-informed care principles we practice by.
SSSS — Society for the Scientific Study of Sexuality: peer-reviewed sexuality science.
Further reading

Gentle starting points

If you'd like to explore.

A note of honesty. Some ideas we find useful, such as polyvagal-informed language and somatic approaches, are still being studied and debated by scientists. We use them as helpful ways of understanding experience, while staying honest that the research is ongoing. Surrogate partner therapy itself is a structured, supervised, consent-based practice with a long clinical history but a still-developing formal evidence base. Our commitment is to keep learning as that evidence grows.

This page is educational and is not a substitute for individualized medical or psychological care. If you are in crisis, please contact local emergency services or a crisis line.